• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A component (1, 2) of a device which has a working surface (7) which is subject to wear and which has at least one sensor (11, 11a, 11b) with which the wear can be detected, comprises at least one electrical conductor (13 , 20), comprising a portion (14) disposed on the work surface (7) and terminals (18, 19) for connection to means (24) for sensing electrical resistance.
    公开号:AT513497A4
    申请号:T11642012
    申请日:2012-10-29
    公开日:2014-05-15
    发明作者:Michael Dipl Ing Jarolim
    申请人:Andritz Ag Maschf；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    · · · ♦ · · · · · · · · · · &.
    The invention relates to a device having a working surface which is subject to wear and has at least one sensor with which the wear can be detected.
    The invention further relates to a device for crushing or grinding of materials with circular, conical or cylindrical, relatively rotating plates on which at least one component with a working surface which is subject to wear, is arranged.
    Preferred fields of application of the present invention are so-called refiners, ie machines which are used for grinding fibers for paper production. However, the invention can also be applied to other machines, such as e.g. for grinding or comminuting cellulosic material such as wood chips, pellets or the like. The invention will be described below with reference to a refiner with refining plates, but is not limited to this type of machine.
    Refiner have Mahlplatten as components, which have a work surface, which is subject to wear. The work surface usually has elevations, which are called in refiners knife, or depressions. Since the knives wear off due to use, it is necessary to replace these components regularly.
    There is an economically optimal time to replace a refiner plate. The highest grinding efficiency has a grinding plate shortly after running in the new state. This is the procedural design point. With increasing blade wear (the height of the blades is reduced by the wear), the throughput of the refining plate is reduced. To maintain the production output, the refiner must be driven with additional power. The wear thus alters the fabric quality such as tear length, volume, tear propagation, etc. In order to achieve the same material parameters again, the refiner must be readjusted. This is often done manually by an operator according to experience.
    The power required with increasing wear changes depending on the type of refiner plate and refiner and is therefore in 2/18
    Operation of the refiner not easily detectable. The ratio of grinding plate price and additional grinding energy specifies when a grinding plate should be changed.
    There may also be occurrences that the change timing of the refining plates is overlooked. As a result, the grinding plate can be worn so far that it comes to the destruction of the grinding plate. Individual parts of the destroyed grinding plate can be consecutive
    Destroying machine components or aggregates. The consequential damages are usually many times higher than the refining price.
    There are already approaches in the art for solving these problems. For example, the adjustment mechanism for the refining plates may indicate the sum of the wear of all built-in grinding discs. However, the refiner is only able, under optimum operating conditions, to divide the material flow uniformly over the milling gaps, so that the blade wear in the milling gaps is always different. In addition, there is still a different wear of rotor knives and stator knives. The measuring device on the adjustment mechanism is therefore not able to assign the wear to the individual refining plates.
    There are already systems that can measure the grinding gap, but even these systems can not provide exact data for the wear of the individual grinding plates.
    The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a measuring device available, with which can be accurately detected whether the wear has exceeded a defined or critical extent.
    This object is achieved with a component of the type mentioned above, which is characterized by at least one electrical conductor, which has a portion which is arranged on the working surface, and connections for connection to a device for detecting the electrical resistance.
    The conductor may be arranged on the working surface so that it is completely severed when the working surface becomes worn, due to wear, an interface for a defined or critical surface. · ··· · w · · · ·
    Wear has reached. When the conductor is severed by the wear, the measured electrical resistance increases to infinity, as a result of which the machine control system can output information, a warning signal or a warning message, possibly in conjunction with an immediate or delayed emergency shutdown.
    It is according to the invention but also possible to give the operating or maintenance personnel in intervals or continuously appropriate, appropriate information or warnings or warning signals based on the increasing by the wear of the conductor electrical resistance.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the conductor has an essentially U-shaped area, the base of which forms the section arranged on the working surface.
    In the invention, it is particularly preferred if the section has a center with a smallest cross-sectional area and the cross-sectional area increases with respect to the conductor cross-sections adjoining the section.
    Due to the shape and the course of the cross-sectional area, the change in the resistance can be adapted to the wear behavior of the component and in this way enable very good conclusions to be drawn about the actual wear of the components.
    The shape of the conductor can be chosen arbitrarily within the scope of the invention and e.g. have a flat, rectangular or circular cross-section.
    In the invention, however, it is preferred if the conductor has substantially the cross section of a circle segment and the planar surface of the conductor lies on the inside of the U-shaped region. When the ladder is folded in a U-shape, it then has an overall round or substantially round overall cross-section, whereby it can be inserted into a simple borehole on the component.
    In order to allow as accurate a conclusion as possible on the actual wear due to the resistance measurement, in the invention 4/18:: 4 • • • •:: 4 • • • • • * * * * φ »· · · · · · * φ · 4 ·· 4 · 44 4 4 that the conductor has an insulation and that the conductor is in the original state approximately flush with the work surface, so that only the insulation is above the work surface over.
    Thus, the sensor is after grinding before the first use, or if it is no longer ground component after installation at the first use, in which only the insulation and possibly minimally the conductor itself is ground, so accurately positioned that the course of Wear can be accurately tracked during operation and at the same time or alternatively ensures that the electrical interruption of the conductor by complete grinding is exactly at the interface at which information, warning or the like should take place.
    For this purpose, the component according to the invention has a wear layer with an interface and the section lies, at least with a partial region lying in this wear layer, completely above this interface or at this.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention depressions are provided on the work surface and the interface is in the region of the bottom of the wells.
    The sensor according to the invention can be used on any wearing surface on which there is no or a defined flow of current to the material to be processed or to the wear counter surface.
    Further preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the remaining subclaims.
    Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
    1 shows schematically two components which are equipped with a sensor according to the invention,
    Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, Fig. 3 is a view of the sensor of Fig. 2 from below, 5/18 «·» »• 4
    4 shows a second embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, a view of the sensor of FIG. 4 from the left, the sensor of FIG. 4. FIG in a ready-to-install state and a third embodiment of a sensor according to the invention.
    In Fig. 1 two components 1, 2 are shown schematically, which are e.g. Grinding plates of a refiner can be. These refining plates 1, 2 are wear parts which are interchangeably fixed to a rotor and a stator of the refiner. The upper refining plate 1 may for example be attached to the rotor, not shown, and rotate in the direction of the arrow 3 and the lower refining plate may accordingly be fastened to the stator, not shown.
    The components or refining plates 1, 2 have knives 4, between which recesses 5 lie. The facing to the grinder plate 1, 2 faces 6 of the blades 4 define working surfaces 7 of the two refining plates 1, 2. The bottom 8 of the recesses 5 defined in the illustrated embodiment, an interface 9 of the two refining plates. If the blades 4 of a grinding plate 1, 2 are ground down to the respective interface 9, this grinding plate must be replaced. Of course, the interface 9 may also be above the bottom 8 of the recesses 5, if the blades 4 may not be ground so far to ensure reliable operation of the refiner or other, equipped with the components 1, 2 device.
    Between the work surfaces 7, a grinding gap 10 is formed, which can be greater or smaller according to the respective requirements, theoretically zero.
    In order to detect the wear of the blades 4 of the refining plates 1, 2 independently of one another, at least one sensor 11 is installed in each component or in each refining plate 1, 2, whose end face 12 is aligned with the respective working surface 7 and abraded together with the latter. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor 11 is installed in each case in a recess.
    One possible embodiment of a sensor 11a according to the invention is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor 11a has an electrical conductor 13, 6/18 made, for example, of copper or another electrically conductive material, which, however, is preferably softer than or the same hardness as the material of the blades 4. The conductor 13 is the U-shaped bent and its base, which connects the two legs 16, forms the arranged on the working surface 7 section 14 which is ground or worn with the work surface 7 and the knives 4. A kink 15 between the two legs 16 of the conductor 13 forms the region which is usually positioned at the boundary surface 9 for the permissible wear of the refining plates 1, 2.
    The conductor 13 is surrounded by an electrical insulation 17 in order to prevent electrical contact between the legs 16 and the optionally electrically conductive grinding plates 1, 2. In addition, the conductor 13 has terminals 18, 19, with which it can be connected to a means 24 for detecting the electrical resistance or other suitable electrical size, which allows a measurement of the wear of the conductor 13 in the section 14.
    For example, the sensor 11a is installed in a new or refurbished refining plate 1, 2 in such a way that its original or new face 12 is aligned with the working surface 7 and only its insulation 17 protrudes above the working surface 7. If the grinding plates 1, 2 are then ground for the last time on the working surface 7, ideally only the insulation 17 and possibly only a small part of the conductor 13 is ground, so that the position of the sensor 11a to the knives 4 and in particular the interface 9 exactly defined. The sensor 11a and its measuring device are then calibrated. For this purpose, preferably the resistance of the not yet worn sensor is measured. Of course, it would also be possible to install the sensor only after the grinding of the work surface 7, whereupon the insulation 17 is ground off only during commissioning.
    When the blades 4 are ground to the point where the interface 9 is reached, the portion 14 of the conductor 13 is also completely ground, so that the electrical resistance of the sensor 11a becomes infinite and the control of the machine recognizes that this condition has been reached.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, not only the achievement of the interface 9 is monitored, but also the entire
    «» «·· ·· ·· * *
    This can be done by the fact that between the extent to which the section 14 and thus the blades 4 are ground and the electrical resistance of the remaining conductor cross-section at the section 14 is a direct, known relationship. The electrical resistance thus allows an immediate conclusion on the extent of wear.
    This not only has the advantage that there is always information about the condition of the refining plates 1, 2, but also the advantage that the corresponding enlargement of the refining gap 10 is precisely known, which is an important parameter in applications such as pulp grinding. The size of the grinding gap 10 can therefore be readjusted much more accurately.
    A second embodiment of a conductor 20 for a sensor 11b according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, but in which it is not yet finished. The conductor 20 here has the cross section of a circular sector and a
    Cross-sectional area, which is smallest in the center 21 and increases to the adjoining the section 14 conductor cross-sections of the legs 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the cross-sectional area increases discontinuously from the center 21 to the conductor cross-sections adjacent to the section 14, but a continuous increase would also be possible.
    Since the conductor cross-section is substantially circular sector-shaped, when the conductor 20 as shown in Fig. 1 or 2 is folded U-shaped together, so that the legs 22 with their flat surfaces 23 on the inside of the sensor 11b abut each other, a overall approximately circular overall cross-section of the sensor 11b are formed. A view of the finished collapsed sensor 11b of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 with insulation 17 is shown in FIG.
    In principle, only one sensor 11, 11a, 11b can be installed in one component, but it can also be several. In addition, the sensor according to the invention or a plurality of sensors can also be used for components having differently shaped elevations 4 or depressions 5, wherein one component or both components need not have any elevations 4 or depressions 5, as 8/18
    With the invention, the wear of continuous work surfaces can also be detected. In addition, several sensors can be installed, which monitor different low-lying interfaces. It can be one and the same size of sensors acting differently deep installed. But it can also be used different sizes or types.
    FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a sensor 11c according to the invention. There are three conductors 20a, 20b, 20c or
    Conductor layers, which are separated from each other by insulation 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d, with the sections 14a, 14b, 14c above or next to each other. The advantage of such an arrangement is that the ongoing wear does not have to be calculated continuously via the increasing resistance, but is available as discrete information. In this case, the conductors 20a, 20b, 20c are gradually severed by the wear of the sections 14a, 14b, 14c. It is therefore sufficient to monitor whether there is an electrical connection at all. If a conductor 14c or 14b is severed completely, it can be inferred in each case that wear has occurred up to the height or interface 25 or 26. When the conductor 14a is completely severed, the deepest interface 9 is reached. The terminals 18a, 18b, 18c and 19a, 19b, 19c lead back to a device 24, with which the conductors 20a, 20b, 20c are monitored. This embodiment is advantageous because the resistance can change not only by the thickness of the respective conductor but also, for example, by a change in the operating temperature. This can be controlled by the discrete detection by means of two or more conductors 20a, 20b, 20c. A combination of both variants, ie the measurement of the resistance and an arrangement of a plurality of conductors for a discrete detection of the current flow, is also conceivable.
    A variant of FIG. 7 can also be created, for example, by alternately applying conductive and non-conductive lacquers over one another, so as to create a particularly small and thereby multilayered sensor.
    FIGS. 8 and 9 show further embodiments of a sensor 11d, 11e according to the invention. In this case, conductors 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d applied to printed circuit boards 27, which then with the plates, 9/18 • - · - < ·· '* • «« »· · · · · · · ···· ··· · wear starting from one side 28 in the direction of the arrow 29. The conductors 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d can be arranged side by side (FIG. 8) or, analogously to FIG. 7, one inside the other (FIG. 9). The advantage of these embodiments, on the one hand, is that they can be manufactured in large numbers, particularly cost-effectively and quickly. On the other hand, printed circuit boards can be made very small, which means that very precise information can be obtained.
    Optionally, snap-in devices, for example holes 30 (FIG. 8) or recesses 31 (FIG. 9), may be provided on the printed circuit boards 27. As a result, the printed circuit boards 27 can assume defined positions relative to the refining plates without the need for special adjustments each time. 10/18
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    10: Claims: Component (1, 2) of a device having a working surface (7) subject to wear and comprising at least one sensor (11, 11a, 11b, 11c, lld, Ile) with which the Wear can be detected, characterized by at least one electrical conductor (13, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) having a portion (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) which is arranged on the working surface (7), and Having terminals (18, 18a, 18b, 18c, 19, 19a, 19b, 19c) for connection to means (24) for detecting electrical resistance. Component (1, 2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor (13, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) has a substantially U-shaped running area, the base of which on the working surface (7) arranged portion (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) forms. Component (1, 2) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the section (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) has a smaller cross-sectional area than the conductor cross sections adjoining the section (14, 14a, 14b, 14c). The component (1, 2) according to claim 3, characterized in that the portion (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) has a center (21) with a smallest cross-sectional area, and that the cross-sectional area to those at the portion (14, 14a, 14b , 14c) subsequent conductor cross sections increases. Component (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conductor (13, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) has a flat, rectangular or circular cross-section. Component (1, 2) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the conductor (20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) has the cross section of a circle segment and that a flat surface (23) of the conductor (20, 20a 20b, 20c, 20d) lies on the inside of the U-shaped area. Component (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized 11/18

    characterized in that the conductor (13, 20a, 20b, 20c) has insulation (17, 17a, 17b, 17c) and that the conductor (13, 20a, 20b, 20c) in the original state is approximately flush with the working surface (7). is arranged so that only the insulation (17, 17a, 17b, 17c) on the work surface (7) is above.
    [2]
    8. component (1, 2) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a wear layer having an interface (9) and that the portion (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) at least with a portion in this wear layer lying completely over this interface or is applied to this.
    [3]
    9. component (1, 2) according to claim 8, characterized in that on the working surface (7) recesses (5) are provided and that the interface (9) in the region of the bottom (8) of the recesses (5).
    [4]
    10. component (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on the working surface (7) projections and recesses (5) are provided and that the sensor (11, 11a, 11b, 11c, lld, Ile ) is arranged in a projection and / or in a recess (5).
    [5]
    11. component (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that two or more electrical conductors (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) are provided, whose portions (14a, 14b, 14c) at a different distance from the work surface (7).
    [6]
    12. component (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that two or more sensors (11, 11a, 11b, 11c, lld, Ile) are provided, whose portions (14, 14a, 14b, 14c ) have a different distance from the work surface (7).
    [7]
    13. component (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the work surfaces (7) are arranged on plates and that the conductor (13, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) is made of a material which is as hard as or softer than the material of the plates. 12/18: 12: 14. Apparatus for shredding or grinding materials with plates rotating relative to one another, on which at least one component (1, 2) having a working surface (7) which is subject to wear is subject to, is arranged, characterized in that the components (1, 2) are designed according to one of claims 1 to 13. 13/18
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2014067636A3|2014-10-09|
    WO2014067636A2|2014-05-08|
    AT513497B1|2014-05-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE2612065A1|1975-04-07|1976-10-28|Defibrator Ab|DEVICE FOR PREVENTING METALLIC CONTACT AND FOR DETERMINING AND REGULATING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN GRINDING MEMBERS|
    US4073442A|1975-04-07|1978-02-14|Defibrator Aktiebolag|Electrically controlled system for regulating the grinding space in a grinding apparatus|
    DE3221476A1|1982-06-07|1983-12-08|Probst & Class Gmbh & Co Kg, 7550 Rastatt|Colloid mill|
    DE4308272C1|1993-03-16|1994-06-09|Mannesmann Kienzle Gmbh|Multi-stage wear indicator sensor for vehicle brake lining - has resistance network provided by thick-film circuit applied to metal ceramics substrate for brakes in vehicle or crane|
    DE4312354C1|1993-04-16|1994-06-16|Giese Erhard|Wear measuring sensor, e.g. for vehicle brake pad - uses resistor chain with bridging conductor loops at staggered distances from component surface|
    WO2001067044A2|2000-03-08|2001-09-13|J & L Fiber Services, Inc.|Refiner disk sensor and sensor refiner disk|
    WO2004004908A1|2002-07-05|2004-01-15|Metso Minerals Oy|Method and apparatus for measuring and adjusting the setting of a crusher|DE102019116640A1|2019-06-19|2020-12-24|Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh|Sensor device, sensor system and method for measuring material wear on a surface of a machine part|US3314618A|1965-01-14|1967-04-18|Allis Chalmers Mfg Co|Crushing chamber wear indicator|
    GB2172945B|1985-03-25|1989-06-21|Morganite Elect Carbon|Friction-linings incorporating wear sensors|
    US7172144B1|2006-03-09|2007-02-06|Dennis Slater|System for measuring wear in a grinding mill|GB2578719A|2018-10-18|2020-05-27|Vulco Sa|Lifter bar wear sensing|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT11642012A|AT513497B1|2012-10-29|2012-10-29|Sensor for wear on a work surface|AT11642012A| AT513497B1|2012-10-29|2012-10-29|Sensor for wear on a work surface|
    PCT/EP2013/003189| WO2014067636A2|2012-10-29|2013-10-23|Sensor for wear on a working surface|
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